Boys compete. It's what they do. Sports, grades, who can take a hit and get back up. The teasing is constant and mostly survivableâboy-to-boy, you learn to handle it.
Then puberty hits. Suddenly thereâs a new arena, and the stakes feel existential. Heâs coming into his body, flooded with energy he doesnât know what to do with, and all of it points in one direction: girls. He wants their attention. He wants to prove heâs becoming a man. And when he works up the nerve to tryâhe gets rejected.
That part is normal. Painful, but normal.
Whatâs not normal is what happens when the rejection keeps coming, and he has no one to process it with. He starts watching which guys get the girls. Cataloging differences. And because girls are beautiful, the logic bends: I need to be beautiful too. So he starts paying attention to all the wrong things. His jaw. His height. His skin. His frame.
Heâs still trying to improveâat first. But the self-help curdles. He finds YouTube videos that explain everything. He finds forums full of men whoâve been rejected the same way. And somewhere in that community, the thing flips. The girls who were the object of all that desire become the reason he feels like garbage. The hope of bettering himself morphs into something darker: a hatred of the women who wouldnât choose him, and a certainty that they never will.
This is the blackpill pipeline. And itâs swallowing young men at alarming rates.
Quick distinction: the âred pillâ says the dating market is harsh but you can win it through self-improvement, game, and status. The blackpill goes furtherâit says your fate was sealed at birth by genetics, and nothing you do will change it. Itâs the radicalization past the radicalization. The red pill recruits with false hope; the blackpill traps with total hopelessness.
A 2024 University of Maryland preprint analyzed how incels describe their own radicalization. The researchers found six themes organized into four chronological stepsâa pattern that mirrors radicalization into terrorist groups. (Note: this study is on arXiv and has not yet undergone peer review, but its methodologyâqualitative analysis of self-reported narrativesâprovides valuable primary data.)
But hereâs what the academic research misses: the emotional architecture underneath. The shame spirals. The rejection sensitivity. The anger that has nowhere constructive to go. Through the Enneagram lens, we can see exactly how these menâs inner worlds collapse into ideology.
The Emotional Blueprint of Radicalization
The study identified this progression:
- Pre-radicalization: Appearance anxiety, social isolation, psychological vulnerability
- Searching for blame: External targets (women, genetics, society)
- Radicalization: âTaking the blackpillâ
- Post-radicalization: Feelings of liberation, clarity, community
What the Enneagram reveals is why this sequence is so emotionally compelling.
Stage 1: The Wound (Pre-Radicalization)
Every Enneagram type has a core wound. A fundamental fear. A place where shame lives.
For incels, the wound often forms around appearance and belonging during childhood or early adolescence. The research quotes posters describing this:
âGrowing up ugly, I understood the significance of looks at age 11.â
âI was bullied in over 5 schools throughout my life so I knew I was a cursed soul.â
Different Enneagram types enter the pipeline through different doors. The forum narratives cluster most heavily around withdrawn, shame-prone, anxious, and disengaged patterns:
Type 4 (The Shame Spiral): 4s already feel fundamentally flawedâlike something is wrong with them that others donât have. Rejection doesnât just hurt; it validates their deepest fear. One posterâs words map this: âI mean I always knew I was fucked up, ever since age 10-11 I knew my life will be fucked.â The blackpill transforms private shame into cosmic truth.
Type 5 (The Detachment Response): 5s withdraw when overwhelmed, retreating into analysis and data collection. The blackpill offers what they crave: a systematic explanation. Studies. Statistics. Evolutionary psychology (misapplied). It feels like knowledgeâand knowledge is safety.
Type 6 (The Anxiety Loop): 6s scan for threats. When social rejection becomes a pattern, they need a threat model. The blackpill provides one: genetics, womenâs hypergamy, societyâs lies about personality mattering. Counterphobic 6s may then attack what threatens them.
Type 9 (The Numbing): 9s merge with their environment to avoid conflict. When that environment is hostile, they dissociate. The blackpillâs fatalism appeals to unhealthy 9sâif nothing can change, thereâs no pressure to act. The hopelessness becomes a kind of peace.
All 9 types can be vulnerableâweâll see the full spectrum in Stage 4.
Stage 2: The Search for Blame
This is where the psychology gets dangerous.
The research found that after experiencing rejection and isolation, future incels actively seek external blame targets. Society. Women. Genetics. Autism. Bad parenting.
âThe Blackpill is merely a recognition of the reality that for guys like us there is nothing that can be done to change our situation. Itâs the fault of our parents and society writ large.â
This is the cognitive openingâthe moment when ideology can take root. Across all Enneagram types, the common thread is a shift to external locus of control. The pain is too much to own. It must be someone elseâs fault.
The Enneagram maps this shift precisely through stress linesâpredictable patterns each type falls into under pressure:
Type 4 â unhealthy 2: The 4 who normally channels pain into identity starts becoming clingy and transactional. Tracking who texts back. Keeping mental ledgers of who owes them attention. The resentment builds quietly: I gave you my authentic self and you didnât reciprocate.
Type 5 â unhealthy 7: The withdrawn 5 starts doom-scrolling, jumping between forums, consuming blackpill content compulsively. It looks like research but itâs actually avoidanceâscattering attention across information instead of sitting with the pain underneath.
Type 6 â unhealthy 3: The anxious 6 becomes suddenly obsessed with image. Comparing themselves to âChads.â Tracking who gets attention and who doesnât. Attacking anyone who threatens their fragile self-concept. The anxiety converts into competitive image-management.
These arenât random behaviorsâtheyâre predictable stress responses that the Enneagram has mapped for decades. The patterns are well-documented. Which means theyâre also interruptibleâif someone can see which one theyâre in.
Why Blame Feels Like Relief
Hereâs the dark genius of the blackpill: if your romantic failures are due to genetics, you didnât fail. The game was rigged. You can stop trying. Stop hoping. Stop being disappointed.
For men whoâve internalized shame for years, this is liberating. One poster wrote:
âBeing blackpilled means you donât blame yourself for any of it which is liberating.â
The relief is real. But relief through hopelessness has a cost: it forecloses every future that requires trying. What feels like freedom is actually the door locking from the inside.
Stage 3: The Radicalization Moment
The research found that most incels trace their âblackpillingâ to specific catalysts. And overwhelmingly, that catalyst is YouTube.
Channels mentioned: Wheat Waffles, FACEandLMS, HeedandSucceed, Incel TV.
âI just watched the WAW Videos and i did not know whether i should cry or laugh⊠The WAW [âWhat Attracts Womenâ] videos were like a blackpill-nuclear-bomb dropped on me.â
The algorithm serves increasingly extreme content. A lonely teenager searching âwhy donât girls like meâ ends up watching videos about âlooksmaxingâ which leads to âblackpill scienceâ which leads to forums celebrating mass shooters.
The âEureka Momentâ
Multiple posters describe a moment when everything âclicked.â When their scattered experiences suddenly formed a coherent narrative.
âOne time a foid [female] coworker⊠gave it to me with a nasty face. Then my coworker arrived and she was blushing⊠That was my eureka moment. Suddenly it made sense why women⊠would act mean towards me.â
This is pattern recognition gone wrong. The brain craves explanatory frameworks. When youâre in pain and an ideology explains that pain while absolving you of responsibility, it feels like truth. The thinking type finally has âdata.â The feeling typeâs suffering has a name. The anxious type knows who to blame. Every personality finds its own version of âthis explains everything.â
Stage 4: The Community Trap
After âtaking the blackpill,â incels report three feelings:
- Liberation (from self-blame)
- Clarity (a framework for everything)
- Community (others who understand)
This is where the Enneagram insight gets most important.
What Each Type Was Actually Missing
The blackpill community provides dark mirrors of legitimate needs:
| Type | Core Need | What Blackpill Offers (Distorted) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | To be good, have integrity | Moral certainty that theyâre victims of injustice |
| 2 | To be loved, needed | Validation that they deserved love but were denied |
| 3 | To be valued, successful | Excuse for failureâthe system, not them |
| 4 | To be understood, unique | Identity as special sufferers |
| 5 | To be competent, capable | Knowledge framework explaining their isolation |
| 6 | To be secure, supported | Community loyalty, clear enemies to blame |
| 7 | To be satisfied, stimulated | Dark entertainment, forbidden knowledge |
| 8 | To be in control, protected | Anger with a target |
| 9 | To be at peace, stable | Permission to disengage |
The tragedy: these are real needs. Every person needs belonging, understanding, a framework for their experience. The blackpill provides poisoned versions of all of them.
Why They Stay
Leaving an ideology is harder than adopting one. Youâre not just changing beliefsâyouâre losing:
- Community (often your only community)
- Identity (who are you without the blackpill?)
- The explanation for your pain (now you have to face it raw)
For someone who was already isolated, already hurting, already struggling with shameâthis is an enormous psychological cost.
When Hopelessness Turns Violent
The study notes that incels have been linked to mass shootings (Isla Vista 2014, Toronto 2018) and dozens of other arrests. The communities donât just tolerate this violenceâthey celebrate it.
Most incels donât act violently. But the ideology creates conditions where violence makes emotional senseâand the psychological mechanism is worth understanding.
Thereâs an energy in young men that doesnât have a polite name. Call it aggression, drive, intensityâitâs the force that, historically, built civilizations, defended communities, and pushed into danger when someone had to. It doesnât disappear because modern life doesnât require it. It just loses its outlet.
Jordan Peterson has articulated this tension directly: âIf you think tough men are dangerous, wait until you see what weak men are capable of.â His argumentâdrawn from Jungian shadow psychologyâis that a man who never develops his capacity for strength, who remains passive and resentful rather than capable and disciplined, is more dangerous than a man who has integrated his own aggression and learned to direct it. âA harmless man is not a good man,â Peterson argues. âA good man is a very, very dangerous man who has that under voluntary control.â
This maps precisely onto the blackpill trajectory. These are men who feel powerless. Whoâve been toldâby the culture, by the ideology, by their own self-imageâthat they have nothing to offer and nothing to lose. The aggressive energy that could have been channeled into building somethingâa skill, a career, a community, physical disciplineâhas been turned inward, curdling into resentment. And resentment, when it has an ideological framework and a community that celebrates destruction, eventually finds a target.
The blackpill provides every ingredient:
- Anger with a named target: Women, âChads,â a society that âliedâ to them
- Nothing to lose narrative: âLife is already overâ removes the psychological brake on extreme action
- Martyrdom pathway: âGoing ERâ (after Elliot Rodger) as achieving the significance they were denied in life
- Community reinforcement: Posthumous celebration on the forumsâthe belonging in death they couldnât find in life
The critical insight is that personality doesnât predict violenceâideology enables it. Any Enneagram type, when sufficiently isolated, hopeless, and immersed in a community that glorifies destruction, can reach a breaking point. But the underlying pattern is the same: masculine energy with no constructive channel, redirected by an ideology that says destruction is the only honest response to an unfixable world.
This is why the conversation about masculinity matters so much. Itâs not abstract. When young men have no path to feel capable, no mentors modeling disciplined strength, no community that values their contributionsâthe vacuum doesnât stay empty. Something fills it. And the blackpill is designed to fill exactly that space.
What This Reveals About Modern Masculinity
The incel phenomenon isnât just about individual psychology. Itâs a symptom of broader failures.
1. Loneliness Epidemic Young men are more isolated than ever. Fewer friendships. Less community. More screen time. The pre-radicalization conditions (isolation, rejection, lack of coping skills) are increasing in the general population.
2. The Missing Fathers and Male Role Models
Traditional masculinity offers few scripts for processing rejection and shame. âMan upâ doesnât help when youâre 15 and devastated. The blackpill offers language for pain that mainstream culture doesnât.
But the deeper problem is whoâs teaching boys to become men. The answer, increasingly, is nobodyâor the internet. The forums, the algorithm, the influencers. In the absence of fathers, mentors, coaches, and older men who model what it looks like to handle pain without breaking, young men are left to figure it out alone. And âaloneâ now means âonline.â
This is part of why military culture holds such appeal for certain young men. The structure is the obvious drawâclear hierarchy, defined expectations, physical challenge. But the less obvious draw is access to male role models who embody a specific kind of disciplined strength. Figures like Jocko Willinkâa retired Navy SEAL commander who built a following around the phrase âdiscipline equals freedomââresonate because they model something young men rarely see: aggression channeled into service, intensity directed toward something constructive, vulnerability framed as courage rather than weakness. Willinkâs core messageââall responsibility for success and failure rests with the leaderââis the philosophical inverse of the blackpill. Where the blackpill says nothing is your fault and nothing can change, Willink says everything is your responsibility and everything can change.
The popularity of military influencers, martial arts culture, and âhard thingâ communities isnât accidental. Young men are looking for places where their intensity is valued rather than pathologizedâwhere someone older and tougher says I see that energy in you, and hereâs what you do with it. When they canât find that in their families or communities, they find it online. And the version they find depends entirely on which algorithm gets to them first.
3. Algorithm-Driven Radicalization YouTubeâs engagement optimization inadvertently creates radicalization pipelines. The platform has made significant changes since 2019 to reduce extremist recommendations, and recent research suggests subscriptions and external referrals now drive more traffic to incel content than the algorithm alone. But the pipeline still functionsâa lonely teenager searching âwhy donât girls like meâ can still end up on blackpill content within a few clicks, even if the path runs through community links and subscriptions rather than autoplay.
4. Appearance Culture (And Real Data Theyâre Misreading) Hereâs what makes the blackpill sticky: it cites real studies. The famous OkCupid data showed women rated 80% of men as âbelow averageâ in attractiveness. Blackpill communities treat this as gospel proof that looks are everything.
What they leave out: the same study found that womenâs actual messaging behavior didnât match their ratings. Women messaged men across the attractiveness spectrum, shifting their expectations only slightly. Meanwhile, menâs messaging was more concentrated on the most attractive women. The data, fully read, undermines the blackpill narrativeâbut cherry-picked statistics are a powerful radicalization tool.
5. Economic Precarity
Itâs not just romantic failureâmany of these men feel like failures across the board. And the data backs up the feeling.
A third of adults ages 18-34 now live with their parents. Urban rents have climbed roughly 4% per year over the past decade while wages for full-time workers increased only 0.6% annually. Unemployment for young men with bachelorâs degrees has hit 6%ânearly double the rate for young women. About 12% of men aged 16-24 are not in education, employment, or training, and two-thirds of them arenât even looking for work.
Hereâs the piece that connects economics to radicalization: 86% of men still define manhood by being a âproviderââyet three-quarters say itâs harder for their generation to feel financially secure than their fathersâ. When you canât afford to move out, canât afford to date (the average all-in cost of a date is $168), canât see a path to the life you were promisedâthe blackpillâs âit was always riggedâ narrative applies to more than just dating.
And thereâs a perception mismatch that deepens the trap. An Ipsos survey of 16-24 year-olds found that 39% of young men believe women primarily value financial status in a partner. Young women themselves said they prioritize humor (60%), kindness (53%), and communication (53%). Men are self-disqualifying based on a distorted model of what women actually wantâand the blackpill reinforces the distortion.
Economic hopelessness and romantic hopelessness are not parallel crises. Theyâre the same crisis, feeding each other. Studies on men who eventually leave incel communities cite a consistent turning point: gaining meaningful employment and building confidence through real-world achievement. The way out runs through the economic door as much as the psychological one.
6. Neurodivergence Gap A 2025 Swansea University studyâthe largest survey of self-identified incels to date (561 participants)âfound that 30% met the clinical cutoff for autism assessment referral, compared to roughly 1% in the general population. 86% reported being bullied (vs. 33% generally).
This isnât about blaming neurodivergence for extremismâthatâs stigmatizing and wrong. Itâs about recognizing that autistic traits like pattern-seeking, preference for systematic frameworks, and difficulty with unwritten social rules can make the blackpillâs rigid, data-driven worldview feel like finally finding an instruction manual for a world that never made sense. What these men need is support for social connectionânot an ideology that tells them connection is impossible. The gap between whatâs available and whatâs needed is where the blackpill recruits.
7. The Hardest Case No One Addresses
Thereâs a question the mainstream advice always dodges: what about men who genuinely are at a significant physical disadvantage? Men who are disfigured, disabled, or far outside conventional attractiveness norms? Telling them âlooks donât matterâ is gaslighting. They know better.
But the blackpillâs answerâitâs over, you have nothingâis equally dishonest. And more destructive.
The pattern that keeps showing up in the research is that the men who exit these communities donât do so by becoming conventionally attractive. They do so by discovering they have something to offer that they hadnât recognized. A skill that matters. A form of intelligence that other people actually need. A way of seeing the world that, when channeled correctly, becomes genuinely valuable.
The Enneagram maps this directly: every type is wired with a specific form of intelligenceâinstinctual, emotional, or analyticalâthat functions as a genuine strength when the person learns to use it. The anger that a body-center type canât stop feeling is the same force that makes them capable of decisive action when others freeze. The shame a heart-center type carries is the flip side of emotional radar precise enough to read a room in seconds. The fear a head-center type canât shut off is the same machinery that spots patterns and possibilities invisible to everyone else.
The darkest ideologies thrive on one belief: you have nothing. The Enneagramâs structural claim is the oppositeâand itâs testable. The path out isnât becoming someone else. Itâs discovering what was already there.
Breaking the Pipeline
The research offers one hopeful note: because incels follow typical radicalization patterns, existing deradicalization approaches may work. Communities like /r/IncelExit are already doing this workâhelping men leave the ideology using approaches backed by both deradicalization research and basic psychology.
What Getting Out Actually Looks Like
One man on r/IncelExit described his exit in a post titled âHow I learnt to see women as human beings.â His story illustrates something the academic research canât capture: how the ideology unravels from the inside.
He entered the pipeline at 14, Googling âhow to get a girlfriend.â Shy, isolated, no friends. He found PUA content and felt like heâd discovered secret knowledge. He went deepâarticles, tactics, glossaries. He literally learned the English word âtargetâ from Neil Straussâs The Game. The framework felt scientific. Follow the steps, get the results.
And it workedâpartially. He made friends. Got a girlfriend. Eventually had sex. But every milestone felt the same: not joy, not connection. Relief. Relief that he wasnât falling behind. Relief that the pressure in his chest could stop for a moment. He describes kissing his first girlfriend and feeling nothing except âI did it in time.â
The framework had turned relationships into a scoreboard. Giving his partners pleasure wasnât about themâit was about proving superiority over other men. Even his kindness had strings attached. âIt was always about achieving something, never just connecting.â He only noticed women he was attracted to. He didnât see equals. And in the manosphere, other men offered no brotherhood eitherâjust competition, comparison, and blame when things didnât work.
The break came after he ended a year-and-a-half situationship with a woman heâd hurt deeply. A few days later, he started involuntarily reviewing every interaction with women since he was 14. And the realization hit: âI had never really seen women as people. I didnât want to hurt them. I didnât hate them. But I didnât really see them, either. They were all variations of the same idea to me. Same category. Same color, just different shades.â
He remembered one moment at 19âgetting ready for a date with someone he actually had feelings for and almost crying because âFor once, I feel human.â That moment stood out because it was so rare.
What makes his story instructive is how the exit happened. It wasnât intellectual. Heâd known about feminism for years but compartmentalized itââWhen it came to dating, I tuned it out.â No argument deradicalized him. What broke through was a specific personâs real pain that he could no longer abstract away. The ideology turns people into categories; one personâs suffering turned them back into an individual.
He also named the self-fulfilling prophecy at the core: the manosphere taught him to approach robotically, which got him rejected, which confirmed the framework, which made him approach harder. He never tested the alternative. Looking back, he wondered what would have happened âif I had just said, âI donât know what Iâm doing, but Iâd like to get to know you.ââ
The top-voted comment on his post captured it perfectly: âThe saddest part is that listening to these pick up artists did in a way exactly what they promised you.â His reply: âYes. It destroyed me⊠If I had found a healthier way to turn to, I would have changed the dream much sooner. The dream in itself was the problem.â
Warning Signs
If youâre a parent, teacher, or friend wondering whether someone is going down this path, watch for:
- Language shifts: Terms like âfoid,â âlooksmaxing,â âitâs over,â âcope,â âLDARâ (lie down and rot), âmogâ (being dominated in appearance)
- Obsessive appearance focus: Constant measuring or comparing facial features, height fixation, talk about âgenetic destinyâ
- Withdrawal acceleration: Dropping activities, declining invitations, increasing screen timeâespecially late at night
- Anger toward women framed as âjust being realisticâ or âunderstanding how things really workâ
- Fatalistic language: âNothing matters,â âit was always over,â âwhy even tryâ
- New âintellectualâ framework: Suddenly citing evolutionary psychology, statistics about dating, or âstudiesâ to explain social failure
No single sign means radicalization. But a clusterâespecially language changes plus withdrawal plus angerâwarrants attention.
What Actually Works (And What Doesnât)
The instinct most people have is to argue the ideology. Deradicalization research consistently shows this backfires. Theyâve heard every counterargument and have rehearsed responses. Debating the blackpill head-on reinforces it.
What the research and practitioners in communities like r/IncelExit have found works instead:
Validating the pain without validating the framework. âI can see youâre hurting. Rejection is brutal.â Most of these men have been told to get over it. Being the first person to acknowledge that the pain is realâwithout endorsing the ideology that explains itâcreates an opening that arguments cannot.
Questions over lectures. âWhat would your life look like if this ideology is wrong?â âWhat would you need to believe to try again?â Questions bypass defensiveness in a way statements canât. They also force the person to imagine an alternative future, which the blackpill is specifically designed to prevent.
Complicating the data rather than dismissing it. âIâve seen that OkCupid study too. Did you see the part about messaging behavior?â Meeting them on their own turf with better reading of the same evidence is more effective than telling them their evidence is wrong.
Presence over solutions. The blackpill took root because they were alone. The most consistent finding in deradicalization research is that relationshipsânot argumentsâare what pull people out of ideological capture. A single person who refuses to give up on them makes the ideologyâs worldview harder to maintain.
What Comes Next
This article mapped the pipeline: how isolated, hurting young men get pulled into an ideology that converts their pain into hopelessness and their hopelessness into identity.
But mapping the problem is only half the work. There are questions this piece raised that deserve their own space: What does healthy rejection processing actually look like? What does masculine strength look like when itâs not brittle, performative, or resentful? What do the biology, psychology, and Enneagram reveal about what women are actually selecting forâand why the blackpillâs single-variable analysis collapses under scrutiny?
Part 2 takes these on. For a practical starting point, see our Enneagram dating guide for men.
One last thing. If any of this landed close to home: 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. Real people. No ideology. No algorithm.